Retatrutide References: The Complete Citation Ledger

Primary trial literature

The numbered references below correspond to all inline citations (^[1], ^[2], etc.) used across this site. Every quantitative claim on Retatrutide research, effects, dosage, and results maps to an entry in this ledger.

^[1] Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301972. PMID: 37366315. PubMed

^[2] Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-544. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01053-X. PMID: 37385280. PubMed

^[3] Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, et al. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discovery. 2024;10:77. DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00700-0. PMID: 39019866. PMC11255275. PMC

^[4] Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, et al. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869-1881. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02033-5. PMID: 36354040. PubMed

^[5] Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, et al. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nature Medicine. 2024;30:2037-2048. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2. PMID: 38858523. PMC11271400. PMC

Reviews and drug profiles

^[6] Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis K. Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025;15:796. DOI: 10.3390/biom15060796. PMID: 40563436. PMC12190491. PMC

^[9] et al. The First Triple Agonist for Antiobesity: Retatrutide. Clin Diabetes. 2024. DOI: 10.2337/cd24-0062. PMID: 39724554. PMC11486854. PubMed

Body composition and supporting biology

^[7] Coskun T, et al. Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00092-0. DOI link00092-0)

^[8] et al. Dietary protein defends lean mass and maintains the metabolic benefits of weight loss. Mol Metab. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102024. PMC11424806. PMC

^[10] et al. Appetite, eating attitudes, and eating behaviours during treatment with retatrutide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. DOI: 10.1111/dom.70097. PMID: 40916752. PubMed

Recent studies and Phase 3 program

^[11] Pillai AA, et al. Triple Hormone Receptor Agonism: The Role of Retatrutide in Addressing Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome. Cardiology in Review. 2026. DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000001310. PMID: 42108533. DOI link

^[12] et al. Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the TRANSCEND-CKD trial of retatrutide. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2025. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaf230. PMID: 41160422. PubMed

^[13] Lempesis IG, et al. Obesity pharmacotherapy reimagined: The era of multi-receptor agonists and next-generation metabolic modulators. Metabolism Open. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2026.100463. PMID: 41948476. DOI link

^[14] et al. Weight Regain After GLP-1-Based Therapy Discontinuation: Failure, Physiology, and the Path Forward. Cureus. 2026. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.104259. PMID: 41909366. PubMed

^[15] Li Q, et al. Multi-omic profiling reveals Retatrutide alleviates adipose tissue fibrosis via metabolic reprogramming and tissue repair. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s13098-026-02116-0. PMID: 41964043. DOI link